Description
The 1960s in America brought to light the importance for Civil Rights. The 1970s drew into focus issues of tribal rights, equity, and justice through the Red Power Movement. It was this turning point in American Indian history that a discourse of sovereignty and tribal self-determination gained national and worldwide visibility. This same era ushered in the foundations of the Hip Hop movement. Native Peoples living in the urban centers were exposed to this expressive complex and utilized the imbedded resistant nature of Hip Hop. The 1980s brought forth a critical Native Hip Hop voice that spoke across lines of socio-political demarcation.
This work focuses on the Native Hip Hop group WithOut Rezervation (W.O.R.) and their use of the cultural signifiers and Elements of Hip Hop. A critical reading of selected works by W.O.R. reveals new epistemological discourse models and the ideological flexibility of Native identity. Hip Hop’s vernacular and expressive elements are deconstructed and narrated from a contemporary Native perspective.
This updated edition of the original 2009 research includes BONUS TRACKS that illustrate the progress movement of a Native Hip Hop canon. The added analysis review the original scholarship to see how those early Native critical theories have evolved for a Native centered artistic expression. This updated edition argues for socio-linguistic pedagogical theories that articulate the dynamics of tribal sovereignty and self-determination.
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